examine the lubrication and cooling effects of vegetable oils on conventional metal cutting
operations. Consequently, as an eco-friendly vegetable product, castor oil can be the right
choice as Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) base fluid. Nonetheless, the high viscosity of
castor oil limits its flowability and restricts its industrial application. Conversely, palm oil
possesses superior lubricity, as well as flowability characteristics. Hence, an attempt has …