Turning is the most widespread manufacturing process in the industry due to its high flexibility in machining for simple and complex parts. The study of surface roughness and tool wear are the main responses in the machining processes, mainly in the turning process. The great challenge in the modern industry is to increase the productivity with time reduction without decreasing the quality and raising the costs of the products. In this study, seamless tubular workpieces of API 5L X70 steel were used to define the surface roughness and the tool wear. The responses were tool life with VB_max greater than or equal to 0.3 mm and lowest surface roughness value in machining tests using a dry and cold air system. The results demonstrated that the use of high cutting speeds provided a significant reduction in tool life. The use of the cold air system provided a good increase in tool life for the traditional speed. On the other hand, the turning process with the cold air system and high-speed cutting reduced the tool life significantly. Finally, the increase in VB_max provided the increase in surface roughness of the workpieces. Concerning the cutting speed, it was found that their increase provided a reduction in the cutting efforts, both in dry experiments and in experiments with the cold air system.