A healthy adipose tissue (AT) is indispensable to human wellbeing. Among other roles, it
contributes to energy homeostasis and provides insulation for internal organs. Adipocytes
were previously thought to be a passive store of excess calories, however this view evolved
to include an endocrine role. Adipose tissue was shown to synthesize and secrete
adipokines that are pertinent to glucose and lipid homeostasis, as well as inflammation.
Importantly, the obesity-induced adipose tissue expansion stimulates a plethora of signals …

Adipose tissue (AT) is an active cellular complex that includes three different cellular types:
white, brown, and beige adipocytes where extensive molecular, physiological and metabolic
heterogeneity among different adipose depots exists (1-3). The main characteristic of white
adipose tissue (WAT) is the large unilocular lipid droplet occupying most of the adipocyte
volume. WAT functions as an excess lipid store in the form of triglycerides and secretes free
fatty acids (FFA) to fulfill metabolic demands. Importantly, WAT regulates metabolic …