standing vegetation in four oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) community types of the
central Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. For this purpose a total of 52 relevés was
established in two associations and two subassociations of the beech forests, and six soil
samples (20× 20cm square and to a depth of 10cm) were collected in each relevé in mid-
spring, after the germination season had ended. Soil seed bank was investigated using the …