Indonesia is a country with the second largest abundance of biodiversity, including a megabiodiversity country (Putra et al., 2012; Rosana 2019). Located between two continents, Asia and Australia, and between two oceans, the Indian and the Pacific (Nugroho et al., 2022), Indonesia has various types of living creatures both on land and in the water with their uniqueness. Although it covers only 1.3% of the world's total land area, the country has enormous biological riches, including 10% of the world's flowering plant species, 12% of the world's mammals, 16% of the world's reptiles & amphibians, 17% of the world's birds, and 25% of the world's fish. world. Unfortunately, currently, biodiversity is threatened by various factors including global climate change and human invasion which causes environmental damage (Occhipinti-Ambrogi, 2003; Rosana 2019).

Indonesia's natural wealth of plants involves 30,000 plant species out of a total of 40,000 plant species in the world, with 940 of them being medicinal plants. The use of local plants as a source of medicine is an alternative that can be developed, because medicinal plants can be an option for treating various types of diseases. Moreover, the side effects resulting from the use of traditional (herbal) medicines tend to be smaller compared to the use of synthetic and chemical (modern) medicines (Anwar, 2013). Indonesian people have long known about the use of plants as medicine, especially in rural areas. Local people in rural areas have good knowledge about the use of plants and prefer medicinal plants because of their abundant availability and cheaper prices compared to modern medicines. This preference forms local wisdom. Basic Health Research Data (Ris-kesdas) in 2013 shows that 35.2% of Indonesian people still maintain and use traditional medicine for treatment (Shanthi et al., 2014).