Deinococcus radiodurans is characterized for its extraordinary radioresistance. An efficient DNA strandbreak repair and strong oxidative stress tolerance are amongst the mechanisms that contribute to its extreme phenotypes. The multipartite genome structure, recombination repair without RecBC enzymes, absence of SOS response and the roles of serine/threonine protein kinase in DNA damage response, and the small molecules protecting proteins from oxidative damage are some of the other unique features of this bacterium. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding on different aspects of