Abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes are associated with multiple factors including
prematurity, intrauterine infection, maternal comorbidities as well as fetal anomalies. Within
the past decade, new standardized terminology in placental pathology has emerged,
emphasizing the current understanding of processes that play a role in placental
dysfunction. Factors playing a major role in the abnormal development of the placenta
include abnormalities in blood flow and perfusion of the fetal and maternal compartments of …