give the characteristic ion energy and the amount of laser energy transferred to ions with
energies≥ 100 keV/nucleon as a function of incident intensity. The characteristic ion energy
varies from 0.2 to 1.3 MeV over the range 2.0× 10 17-2.0× 10 18 W cm− 2. 10% of the laser
energy is transferred into MeV ions at 2.0× 10 18 W cm− 2. Calculations of stopping power in
high density materials are presented that show that fast ions cannot be ignored in modeling …