Rotating asymmetric electric fields have been applied to control the rotation frequency (and
hence the density) of non-neutral plasmas, which are confined in Penning-type traps and
have relaxed close to thermal equilibrium characterized by a global rigid-body
rotation.“Infinite” confinement times and density compression were first reported for
uncorrelated plasmas of∼ 10 8 Mg+ ions with temperatures ranging from 1 K to 5× 10 4 K (4
eV)[Huang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 875 (1997)]. In this paper, the rotating field technique …