process variables are reported. The optimal pretreatment conditions for switchgrass were
found to be near 100° C reactor temperature, and ammonia loading of 1: 1 kg of ammonia:
kg of dry matter with 80% moisture content (dry weight basis [dwb]) at 5 min residence time.
Hydrolysis results of AFEX-treated and untreated samples showed 93% vs 16% glucan
conversion, respectively. The ethanol yield of optimized AFEX-treated switchgrass was …