bioethanol and biodiesel. The raw material was pretreated to separate it into two potential
feedstocks, starch residues and palm oil, for conversion to bioethanol and biodiesel,
respectively. For the production of bioethanol, starch residues were converted into glucose
by α-amylase and glucoamylase. To investigate the saccharification process of the
pretreated starch residues, the optimal pretreatment conditions were determined. The …