The structural behaviour of a single-lap, single-bolt composite joint is investigated using a three-dimensional finite element model. In contrast to previous investigations the influence of a liquid shim layer, added between the two laminates, on strength and structural behaviour of the joints is investigated by virtual testing. The finite element model is validated with experimental data. The experiments point out that the structural behaviour of these joints is dominated by progressive damage. Therefore, as a first approach, progressive damage is considered using Hashin’s three-dimensional failure criterion and a constant degradation model. It is shown that this combination yields very conservative results. As a second approach the model is improved by a continuous degradation model. Considering continuous degradation, the numerical results show very good correlation with the experimental data.