The incidence of pests and diseases on crops in developing countries has caused a lot of food insecurity and negatively affected the agro-allied industries. The use of synthetic pesticides has been the only means of combating the pests and diseases to achieve large-scale food production in developing countries due to lack of appropriate technology to formulate their own pest control measures. The use of these chemicals is associated with a lot of problems. The problems of mammalian toxicity, pollution of the environment and high cost of the few available chemical pesticides are enormous. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) worldwide reacts against these problems and encourages research into a better alternative to these synthetic pesticides. The natural products as alternatives are available at all times of the year due to their location in the tropical regions, they are easy to formulate, are not toxic to mammals, are less costly and are environmentally friendly. These attributes assist in the production of cheap and safe food, so the botanicals are assets to developing countries and encourage their large-scale usage. Extracts from plants such as Azadirachta indica, and Ocimum spp. are used for the control of various crop pests such as cowpea beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus), and diseases such as wet rot of Amaranthus spp. (Choanephora curcubitarum) and anthracnose of soybean (Colletotrichum truncatum).