Water is abundant on the earth, but it is often in the wrong location, in the wrong form, or at
the wrong time for us to use. We use energy to compensate for these problems. We move
water to the right location, treat it to the right form, and store it for the right time—all with
energy. This article summarizes previous and recent research on the energy requirements of
public water and wastewater services in the United States and briefly discusses some tools
and resources for engineers working in this field. The intent is to inform industry …