current state-of-the-art by proposing a novel mechanism to increase the convergence speed
based on a repulsion mechanism between similar ions. In this article, we perceive robots as
ions, wherein the main purpose of the adopted approach is to keep the level of diversity
among the robots stable. This mechanism will be applied to a particle swarm optimization
(PSO) approach, denoted as Robotic Darwinian PSO (RDPSO). This improvement was done …