focused on cell-autonomous mechanisms of drug resistance. By contrast, we proposed that
the tumour micro-environment confers innate resistance to therapy. Here we developed a co-
culture system to systematically assay the ability of 23 stromal cell types to influence the
innate resistance of 45 cancer cell lines to 35 anticancer drugs. We found that stroma-
mediated resistance is common, particularly to targeted agents. We characterized further the …