This work proposes a real-time scheme to monitor the occurrence of faults and perform fault
characterization. Faults, in this context, correspond to changes in the parameters of the
system being monitored. The method relies on the concept of Analytical Redundancy
Relation (ARR), which can be defined as the evaluation of the mathematical constraints of
the physical model of the system given the real, noisy measurements. The algorithm consists
of two modules: a detection strategy that relies on the regular application of an ARR-based …