In today's energy markets, there is a growing effort toward the alignment of the industrial
sector and the power grid for the sake of efficient energy distribution and consumption. In
this paper, the resource–task network is used to provide a generic modeling framework for
production scheduling under energy constraints. Three alternative process models for the
energy-intensive melt shop of a steel plant are proposed and linked to a discrete-time
formulation. The results show a trade-off between accurate representation of problem data …