Neuroimaging plays an important role in the diagnosis brain lesions such as tumors, strokes and infections. Within this context, magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is clinically recommended in the differential diagnosis of several brain lesions by providing detailed information regarding lesion based on the diffusion of water molecules. Conventionally, the differential diagnosis of brain lesions is performed visually by professional neuroradiologists during a highly subjective, time-consuming process. In response, computer-aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) has become a major topic of research and, in light of novel image processing techniques, has become a widespread, possibly indispensable tool for accurate diagnosis and reduce the time required. The objective of this review is to show the recent published techniques and state-of-the-art neuroimaging techniques for the human brain lesions. The review covers neuroimaging modalities, magnetic resonance imaging, DWI and analysis techniques for CAD in detecting and classifying of brain lesion.Â