tumor promoter. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α or TNF) mediates NF-κB activation.
Tumor suppressor WWOX (FOR or WOX1) is a downstream effector of the TNF signaling.
Thus, activation of both WWOX (FOR or WOX1) and NF-κB may occur during TNF signaling
and/or under stress conditions. Indeed, the first WW domain of WWOX induces the activation
of NF-κB-responsive promoter without TNF participation. It appears that WWOX counteracts …