During chordate evolution, two genome-wide duplications facilitated acquisition of
vertebrate traits, including emergence of neural crest cells (NCCs), in which
neofunctionalization of the duplicated genes are thought to have facilitated development of
craniofacial structures and the peripheral nervous system. How these duplicated genes
evolve and acquire the ability to specify NC and their derivatives are largely unknown.
Vertebrate SoxE paralogues, most notably Sox9/10, are essential for NC induction …

… SoxE-9-E were cotransfected into the neural tube with a Sox2-NC1 luciferase reporter
and a Renilla control plasmid in neural tube. The relative luciferase activity is compared
with pCAGGS control. AmphiSOXE or … and SoxE-9-E were cotransfected into the neural
tube with a Sox10-MCS4 luciferase reporter and a Renilla control plasmid in neural tube.
The relative luciferase activity is compared with pCAGGS control. All tested SOXE showed
similar transactivation activity as no statistical difference was found. …