memory (access times, byte addressability) with the best features of storage (nonvolatility,
low costs per byte). Some, like PCM, have a limited endurance. All will only consume energy
when accessed, but writes will use much more energy than reads. These characteristics put
a cost on flipping bits in memory. Bit-flip aware data structures lower the number of bits
flipped by not resetting fields to zero to indicate a deleted record but by using bit-maps. If …