Kolmogorov related the mean energy transport to both turbulent advection and molecular
diffusion (K41), which, for moderate Reynolds numbers encountered under laboratory
conditions, is not balanced. The main reason for this imbalance is the inhomogeneous and
anisotropic large-scales, which are not sufficiently separated from the smallest dissipation
scale. Various types of inhomogeneities have been examined in different turbulent flows
such as grid turbulence, fully developed channel flow and along the jet centreline. The …