… smoke is not well elucidated. We aimed to investigate the association between
secondhand smoke exposure and the risk of CKD development among never-smokers. …

… CKD prevalence and secondhand smoke exposure time was found (p for trend<0.01).
Secondhand smoke exposure increases the risk of CKD even in people who never smoke and …

… In adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), cigarette smoking is associated with an
increased risk for CKD progression and transplant failure. In children, secondhand smoke (SHS) …

… KSD is related to an increased risk of urinary tract infection and chronic kidney disease …
kidneys 5 . Reports have shown that smoking is related to a higher risk of chronic kidney disease …

… second-hand smoking [SHS] cause significant cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. In healthy
individuals and adults with chronic kidney disease [CKD], … effects of secondhand smoke: …

… secondhand smoke are associated with chronic kidney disease … of active smoking and
secondhand smoke exposure with … -based bedside Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) …

… CKD was significantly higher in those with SHSE. In addition, SHSE was significantly associated
with higher risk of incident CKD … a 7 and 31% increased risk of CKD, respectively, when …

… between CKD and active and secondhand smoke in generally … risk factors of CKD as
hypertension and diabetes mellitus.… active and secondhand smoke to unexposed smoke and renal …

… Additionally, exposure to secondhand smoke is associated with increased rates of obesity
among adolescents [Citation37], which can further exacerbate renal issues. Obesity is known …

… Although the same has not yet been directly documented in patients with chronic kidney
disease, such a scenario is extremely likely in view of the above arguments. While the dose of …