that encodes the sum bits using two-rail codes; the encoded sum bits are then checked by
self-checking checkers. The multiplexers used in the adder are also totally self-checking.
The scheme is illustrated with the implementation of a 2-bit carry select adder that can detect
all single stuck-at faults on-line; the detection of double faults is not guaranteed. Adders of
arbitrary size can be constructed by cascading the appropriate number of such 2-bit adders …