administration of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduces patient opioid
requirements and, in turn, may reduce the incidence and severity of opioid‐induced adverse
events (AEs). Objectives To assess the analgesic efficacy and adverse effects of single‐
dose intravenous ketorolac, compared with placebo or an active comparator, for moderate to
severe postoperative pain in adults.