management often occurs in solitary conditions, especially at the temples and private places
of India. To investigate the effect of social isolation, this study assessed the social group
sizes and the presence of stereotypies among 140 captive Asian elephants managed in 3
captive systems (private, temple, and forest department) in Tamil Nadu, India, between 2003
and 2005. The majority of the facilities in the private (82%) and temple (95%) systems held a …