Specific IgE decision point cutoffs in children with IgE-mediated wheat allergy and a review of the literature

F Graham, JC Caubet, S Ramadan, D Spoerl… - International archives of …, 2020 - karger.com
F Graham, JC Caubet, S Ramadan, D Spoerl, PA Eigenmann
International archives of allergy and immunology, 2020karger.com
Background: Wheat IgE-mediated food allergy in children is one of the most frequent food
allergies in westernized countries, affecting between 0.4 and 1% of children. Although 95%
predictive decision points have been determined for major allergens such as peanut, egg,
and milk, the diagnostic performances of wheat-specific IgE (sIgE) and wheat component
testing are not well established. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine sIgE
decision point cutoffs in children with IgE-mediated wheat allergy and provide a review of …
Background
Wheat IgE-mediated food allergy in children is one of the most frequent food allergies in westernized countries, affecting between 0.4 and 1% of children. Although 95% predictive decision points have been determined for major allergens such as peanut, egg, and milk, the diagnostic performances of wheat-specific IgE (sIgE) and wheat component testing are not well established.
Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine sIgE decision point cutoffs in children with IgE-mediated wheat allergy and provide a review of the literature.
Method
A retrospective review of wheat oral food challenges was performed at the pediatric allergy unit of the University Hospitals of Geneva between 2004 and 2019. Performance characteristics for wheat and ω-5 gliadin sIgE were calculated and positive and negative OFC data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results
A wheat sIgE cutoff of 2.88 kU A/L had a sensitivity of 95%(negative decision point), whereas a cutoff of 78.1 kU A/L had a specificity of 95%(positive decision point). When giving equal weight to sensitivity and specificity, the optimal cutoff point for wheat sIgE was 12 kU A/L, which gave a specificity of 70% and a sensitivity of 66.67%.
Conclusions
These findings suggest a high positive decision point for wheat sIgE (78.1 kU A/L). This reinforces the importance of considering OFC in children with IgE-mediated wheat allergy to confirm diagnosis even in patients with relatively high wheat sIgE values, as there is a risk of falsely mislabeling these patients as allergic.
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