Recent debates on the oxygen redox behaviors in battery electrodes have triggered a
pressing demand for the reliable detection and understanding of nondivalent oxygen states
beyond conventional absorption spectroscopy. Here, enabled by high-efficiency mapping of
resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (mRIXS) coupled with first-principles calculations, we
report distinct mRIXS features of the oxygen states in Li2O, Li2CO3, and especially, Li2O2,
which are successfully reproduced and interpreted theoretically. mRIXS signals are …

Recent debates on the oxygen redox behaviors in battery electrodes have triggered a
pressing demand for the reliable detection and understanding of non-divalent oxygen states
beyond conventional absorption spectroscopy. Here, enabled by high-efficiency mapping of
resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (mRIXS) coupled with first-principles calculations, we
report distinct mRIXS features of the oxygen states in Li2O, Li2CO3, and especially, Li2O2,
which are successfully reproduced and interpreted theoretically. mRIXS signals are …