Stable laser-acceleration of high-flux proton beams with plasma collimation

MJV Streeter, GD Glenn, S DiIorio, F Treffert… - Nature …, 2025 - nature.com
MJV Streeter, GD Glenn, S DiIorio, F Treffert, B Loughran, H Ahmed, S Astbury, M Borghesi
Nature Communications, 2025nature.com
Laser-plasma acceleration of protons offers a compact, ultra-fast alternative to conventional
acceleration techniques, and is being widely pursued for potential applications in medicine,
industry and fundamental science. Creating a stable, collimated beam of protons at high
repetition rates presents a key challenge. Here, we demonstrate the generation of multi-MeV
proton beams from a fast-replenishing ambient-temperature liquid sheet. The beam has an
unprecedentedly low divergence of 1°(≤ 20 mrad), resulting from magnetic self-guiding of …
Abstract
Laser-plasma acceleration of protons offers a compact, ultra-fast alternative to conventional acceleration techniques, and is being widely pursued for potential applications in medicine, industry and fundamental science. Creating a stable, collimated beam of protons at high repetition rates presents a key challenge. Here, we demonstrate the generation of multi-MeV proton beams from a fast-replenishing ambient-temperature liquid sheet. The beam has an unprecedentedly low divergence of 1° (≤20 mrad), resulting from magnetic self-guiding of the proton beam during propagation through a low density vapour. The proton beams, generated at a repetition rate of 5 Hz using only 190 mJ of laser energy, exhibit a hundred-fold increase in flux compared to beams from a solid target. Coupled with the high shot-to-shot stability of this source, this represents a crucial step towards applications.
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