Despite the presence of various social, political, and economic barriers, the development of transgenic crops is a revolutionary approach in the agriculture sector. Legumes are known for their nitrogen fixing ability, and high protein content. They form a major source of income for small farmers in developing countries. Legumes also help to fulfil balanced diet for the poor people owing to their high nutritional value. Legume crops accounts major contribution in the world food production after cereals and oil seed crops. Thus, it is immediate need to improve their productivity and nutritional value using advanced techniques like biotechnological approaches and genetic engineering. This review covers the progress made in genetic improvements in legume crops made so far through in vitro techniques. The prospects of latest invitro techniques have also been discussed in this review.