microactuator were obtained from experimental curvature measurements as a function of
temperature. The study revealed fully reversible strain and stress changes of up to− 0.32%
and− 510MPa, respectively, and a maximum strain energy density of approximately 8.1×
105J/m3 through a temperature window of only 15° C. The method for obtaining the strain
energy density in this work is more accurate than the ones presented previously in the …