Lowering the operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) to the intermediate
range (500–700° C) has become one of the main SOFC research goals. High operating
temperatures put numerous requirements on materials selection and on secondary units,
limiting the commercial development of SOFCs. The present review first focuses on the main
effects of reducing the operating temperature in terms of materials stability, thermo-
mechanical mismatch, thermal management and efficiency. After a brief survey of the state …