In conventional gases and plasmas, it is known that heat fluxes are proportional to
temperature gradients, with collisions between particles mediating energy flow from hotter to
colder regions and the coefficient of thermal conduction given by Spitzer's theory. However,
this theory breaks down in magnetized, turbulent, weakly collisional plasmas, although
modifications are difficult to predict from first principles due to the complex, multiscale nature
of the problem. Understanding heat transport is important in astrophysical plasmas such as …

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