YbAlB 4 are investigated by using bulk-sensitive hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy.
From the Yb 3 d core level spectra, the values of the Yb valence are estimated to be∼ 2.73
and∼ 2.75 for α-and β-YbAlB 4, respectively, thus providing clear evidence for valence
fluctuations. The valence band spectra of these compounds also show Yb 2+ peaks at the
Fermi level. These observations establish an unambiguous case of a strong mixed valence …