reactive thermal evaporation. The structural, morphological, and oxidation states of the films
were investigated using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force
microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical properties of the films were
analyzed by UV–vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and photoluminescence
spectroscopy. The deposited films showed c-In 2 O 3 crystalline nanostructures with a …