ketoaldehydes, such as methylglyoxal, into their corresponding nontoxic 2-
hydroxycarboxylic acids, leading to detoxification of these cellular metabolites. Previous
studies on the first enzyme in the glyoxalase system, glyoxalase I (GlxI), from yeast,
protozoa, animals, humans, plants, and Gram-negative bacteria, have suggested two metal
activation classes, Zn 2+ and non-Zn 2+ activation. Here, we report a biochemical and …