and cohort. Participants were students of Department of Educational Psychology and
Guidance, Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Makassar in the academic years of
2013, 2014, and 2015. They were comprised of 103 students, 77 females and 26 males. The
instrument in this study was Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) adopted and modified from
Martin and Marsh. Data were analyzed through Mann-Whitney statistical of non-parametric …