Currently, there are numerous global efforts aimed at matching the exponential increase in human population with at least a near-corresponding increase in global food production. However, increasing food production through unsustainable approaches has come at a cost to good health. One such approach is the use of synthetic pesticides. Globally, agricultural pests account for an enormously substantial portion of these losses. Although inorganic pesticides have been used to control pests, key concerns are faulting their continual use, such as the impact on biodiversity, by eliminating non-target species, non-biodegradability, emerging resistance in target plants, and adverse health effects on humans. Allelopathy is a complex phenomenon consisting of events geared towards releasing organic compounds by certain organisms to exert allelopathic effects, which may influence the growth, survival, development, and reproduction of target species, many of which are weeds, that constitute serious losses in crop plants and reduces farmers’ income. Some reported examples of plants with allelopathic potentials include rye (Secale cereal), wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), oats (Avena spp.), rice (Oryza sativa), pea (Pisum sativum), sorghum (Sorghum spp.), brassica (Brassica spp.), sunflower (Helianthus sp.), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), neem (Azadirachta indica), African oil bean (Pentaclethra macrophylla), and Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia). The principle of allelopathy, when harnessed properly, could offer an eco-friendly approach to stem the scourge of agricultural pests, particularly in low-income nations. However, factors influencing the allelopathic effects on target plants must first be considered for the allelopathic mechanism to be successful as a pest control option. This chapter analyses the impact of inorganic pesticides on the ecosystem health, proffers a viable alternative through a detailed explanation of the concept of allelopathy, with examples of potential allelopathic plants, and identifies the various strategies by which it can be deployed as a sustainable pest control option.