Spain, Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) forests are mainly subjected to three
sylvopastoral management systems which determine variations in the forest
structure:(i)“young forests” subjected to frequent disturbance by fires and clear-
cuttings;(ii)“Pyrenean oak dehesas”, subjected to a traditional sylvopastoral system
exclusive to Spain which favours the development of both old oaks and pasture;(iii) largely …