… a wireless network, mostly by transmitting MAClayer time-stamped packets. The proposed
techniques … The flooding time synchronization protocol (FTSP) [5] and the timing-sync protocol …

… Node mobility models are essential in performance analysis and simulation in wireless
mobile networks. There have been a lot of works in the literature that study the mobility models. …

… Moreover, we focus on the synchronization in Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to-…
effective proposed synchronization techniques in D2D and vehicular communications to highlight …

… on the synchronization problem in mobile D2D networks. More … not have exactly the same
synchronization objectives. Second, … wireless networks such as sensor networks and ad hoc …

… Also, it is crucial to increase the wireless network capacity to accommodate … communications
underlaying the cellular network. We then discuss access methods, device synchronization, …

… to consider a direct communication between UEs. Therefore, we propose a … synchronization
method for D2D communication. First, we propose a process for SA synchronization method …

… D2D communication. To achieve synchronization, interacting nodes in a wireless network …
their respective clocks via the exchange of synchronization messages transmitted by means of …

… Such a technique is essential for fulfilling the chief goals of the mobile network operators (…
management and synchronization of timings. Another organization involved in examining D2D …

… In Section 3, we discuss the synchronization methods in detail. Results of … network congestion
and reduce system performance. Therefore, we propose a timing synchronization method …

… communication by a Device-to-Device (D2D) radio that operates as an underlay network to
an IMT-Advanced cellular network. … may utilize mobile peer-to-peer communication instead of …