This study investigates the pervasive influence of Chomsky's Universal Grammar (UG) in the acquisition of second languages across diverse linguistic dimensions. Through a systematic literature review, four distinct themes emerged, each shedding light on the intricate interplay between UG and the various aspects of language learning. The first theme reveals UG's enduring impact on syntax, as evidenced by consistent patterns of syntactic transfer from native to second languages. In the second theme, UG's influence extends to morphological acquisition, guiding the internal structure of words in second languages. The third theme explores UG's role in phonological acquisition, uncovering universal principles governing the perceived similarity of