A vital trial in gene delivery implicates the want for competent and safe delivery systems to announce therapeutic genes into target cells. Virus vectors are disparaged for genetic toxicity, immune response, and poor delivery ability for large-sized genetic materials. Polyplexes having cationic biodegradable polymeric materials (BPMs) can substitute viral vectors. Synthetic BPMs-based non-viral gene delivery systems can be embedded with assorted characteristics like biocompatibility and self-assembly. Using nanoscale BPMs, delicate manipulation of a broad scope of physicochemical properties, like surface charge, stimuli-sensitivity, and particle size can be executed. This contribution summarizes the recent developments of BPMs in gene delivery systems.