T cells contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of autoimmunity in systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE), and seem to be directly involved in the development of related organ
pathology. Defects associated with CD8+ and T-regulatory (TREG) cell function manifest in
parallel with the expanded CD3+ CD4− CD8− T cell lineage. The cytokine expression
pattern is uniquely characterized by decreased expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and
increased production of IL-17 and related cytokines. Therapeutic approaches that limit the …

The use of B-cell targeted therapies for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
has generated great interest owing to the multiple pathogenic roles carried out by B cells in
this disease. Strong support for targeting B cells is provided by genetic, immunological and
clinical observations that place these cells at the center of SLE pathogenesis, as initiating,
amplifying and effector cells. Interest in targeting B cells has also been fostered by the
successful use of similar interventions to treat other autoimmune diseases such as …