This study analyses how strengths and weaknesses of economic, societal, political and
environmental structures played out during the Covid-19 crisis in Africa since March 2020.
Its main aim is to improve evidence on the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic on
African countries and, based on that evidence, identify policy implications and formulate
recommendations. It comprises the analysis of (a) direct impacts of the pandemic as well as
of policy responses such as lockdowns and their potential determinants;(b) indirect effects of …

Executive summary This study analyses how economic, societal, political and environmental
structural strengths and weaknesses have played out in Africa during the COVID-19 crisis
that began in March 2020. Its main aim is to present better evidence of how the pandemic
has directly and indirectly affected African countries. It is based on the assumption that
economic and other structures determine the magnitude and direction of a pandemic's short-
and long-term impacts and that the pandemic accelerates trends that had begun long …