because of separation or divorce reduces a child's lifetime earnings between 3 and 12
percent. Lifetime educational attainment is adversely affected by between 2 and 4 percent if
a parent of the same gender as the child dies (a smaller impact than if absence is because
of separation or divorce). No such adverse effect is found if a girl's father or a boy's mother
dies. We conclude that it is sensible that lifetime earnings loss to children not be estimated in …