gadolinium (Gd), a benchmark magnetocaloric material, with comparable coefficient-of-
performance (COP) values (≈ 5). These results can open up a new way of making cooling
devices with much more compact systems and with the possibility of avoiding expensive rare-
earth materials. The martensitic transformation is a first-order solid-tosolid diffusionless
structural transformation responsible for the shape memory effect and superelasticity.[23] …