Plastic pollution has emerged as a significant global environmental concern. Traditional plastics derived from petroleum resources contribute to landfill accumulation and microplastic contamination, posing threats to wildlife, ecosystems, and human health. Bioplastics, a class of materials derived from renewable biomass sources, offer a potentially sustainable alternative. This chapter critically examines the environmental benefits, technical challenges, and scalability issues associated with bioplastic production methods. Bioplastics offer advantages like reduced greenhouse gas emissions, resource conservation, and mitigation of plastic pollution through biodegradation under specific conditions. However, technical challenges such as limited feedstock availability, process optimization, and performance limitations necessitate further research and development. Additionally, scalability issues related to cost-effectiveness and infrastructure development require innovative solutions. Addressing these challenges through advancements in material science, biorefinery approaches, and policy frameworks is crucial for maximizing the environmental benefits and commercial viability of bioplastics.