The main cause of disease is tobacco smoking. Symptoms of the disease gradually appear from age 40 and above, and men are more likely to be effect with the disease than women around the world. The study focused on the relationship between awareness of the locus control orientation and of patients’ adherence to medication and in making appropriate decisions that avoid complications of disease and reduce the risk factors. A Descriptive Correlational Design is used through the present study in order to determine link between locus of control orientation and patients’ adherence to medication after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. From October, 17th, 2018 to June, 13th, 2019. A Non-Probability (Accidental Sample) of (104) patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The study is conducted in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf City’s hospitals. The study instrument is adopted and developed by the researcher to investigate the study phenomenon. The study results indicate that there is a direct and high significant and positive correlation between locus of control orientation and adherence to medication. The study concludes that there is a correlation between locus of control orientation and patients’ adherence to medication after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease