The Parameters Governing the Anti-Myopia Efficacy of Chromatically Simulated Myopic Defocus in Tree Shrews
Purpose: We previously showed that exposing tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri, small diurnal
mammals closely related to primates) to chromatically simulated myopic defocus (CSMD)
counteracted small-cage myopia and instead induced hyperopia (approximately+ 4 diopters
[D]). Here, we explored the parameters of this effect. Methods: Tree shrews were exposed to
the following interventions for 11 days:(1) rearing in closed (n= 7) or open (n= 6) small
cages;(2) exposed to a video display of Maltese cross images with CSMD combined with …
mammals closely related to primates) to chromatically simulated myopic defocus (CSMD)
counteracted small-cage myopia and instead induced hyperopia (approximately+ 4 diopters
[D]). Here, we explored the parameters of this effect. Methods: Tree shrews were exposed to
the following interventions for 11 days:(1) rearing in closed (n= 7) or open (n= 6) small
cages;(2) exposed to a video display of Maltese cross images with CSMD combined with …
Abstract
Purpose: We previously showed that exposing tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri, small diurnal mammals closely related to primates) to chromatically simulated myopic defocus (CSMD) counteracted small-cage myopia and instead induced hyperopia (approximately+ 4 diopters [D]). Here, we explored the parameters of this effect.
Methods: Tree shrews were exposed to the following interventions for 11 days:(1) rearing in closed (n= 7) or open (n= 6) small cages;(2) exposed to a video display of Maltese cross images with CSMD combined with overhead lighting (n= 4);(3) exposed to a video display of Maltese cross images with zero blue contrast (“flat blue,” n= 8); and (4) exposed to a video display of black and white grayscale tree images with different spatial filtering (blue pixels lowpass< 1 and< 2 cycles per degree [CPD]) for the CSMD.
Results:(1) Tree shrews kept in closed cages, but not open cages, developed myopia.(2) Overhead illumination reduced the hyperopia induced by CSMD.(3) Zero-blue contrast produced hyperopia but slightly less than the CSMD.(4) Both of the CSMD tree images counteracted small cage myopia, but the one low pass filtering blue< 1 CPD was more effective at inducing hyperopia.
Conclusions: Any pattern with reduced blue contrast at and below approximately 1 CPD counteracts myopia/promotes hyperopia, but maximal effectiveness may require that the video display be the brightest object in the environment.
Translational Relevance: Chromatically simulated myopic blur might be a powerful anti-myopia therapy in children, but the parameter selection could be critical. Issues for translation to humans are discussed.
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